Correlations Between Trace Elements in Selected Locations of the Human Brain in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Trace element distribution varies in different locations of the human brain. Several elements were found to cause various negative effects, such as neurodegeneration. In this paper, we analyzed the interactions between seven trace elements: zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and individuals without (control group). Brain tissue samples from 31 individuals with AUD and 31 control subjects were harvested. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used for trace element determination. In the control group, there were several positive correlations between Cr, Cu, Fe and Mn. In the AUD group, positive correlations between Co and Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn were found. The majority of correlations between Zn and other elements are positive. In the studied group, Mn had strong positive correlations with Co, Cr, Cu and Fe. The strongest positive correlation found between average element concentration was between Cu and Cr. The knowledge of kinetics and metabolism of trace elements as well as the impact of alcohol on these processes is essential for understanding the pathological processes and functioning of human brain tissue.

Assessment of the correlation between gender, age, body mass index and the severity of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

UNLABELLED: Obesity has become one of the leading epidemic diseases in the world. Obesity is acknowledged as a risk factor for postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting (PONV), especially in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between gender, age, BMI values and the severity of postoperative pain and PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 244 patients with cholelithiasis who underwent scheduled laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were assigned to 3 groups according to BMI values. Patients were assessed for the presence of PONV and severity of pain in the 6(th) and 24(th) hour after surgery. RESULTS: BPONV was reported more frequently in female than in male patients in the 1(st) time period. In the first time point the postoperative pain was significantly higher in group O in comparison to group H and N. Postoperative pain significantly decreased in the 24(th) postoperative hour in comparison to its level assessed in the 6th postoperative hour in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Female gender is a risk factor of PONV, so women should receive antiemetic prophylactic. There is a positive relationship between BMI and postoperative pain, so obese patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures should receive prophylactic application of analgesic drugs.

[Medical simulation as a professional tool which affect the safety of the patient used in the learning process]. / Symulacja medyczna jako profesjonalne narzedzie wplywajace na bezpieczenstwo pacjenta wykorzystywane w procesie nauczania.

Simulation is the methodology of teaching, learning process using educational equipment from simple simulators, designed to study individual tasks, through advanced mannequins called human patient stimulators faithfully mimic the human and its parameters. The medical simulation's main task is education and improvement patients' safety. Advanced human simulators can realistically cough, vomit with artificial chyme and bleed with artificial blood causing a real stress of medical personnel and the need for immediate action. Medical simulation gives the opportunity to prepare medical personnel to the profession more effectively, in less time than traditional education and also clearly affects the patients' safety.